During the war, slavery was abolished in some of the slave states, and the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in December 1865, finally abolished slavery throughout the United States. The most recent free state, Kansas, had entered the Union after its own years-long bloody fight over slavery. Just before the Civil War, there were 19 free states and 15 slave states. Constitution in 1787, the subject of political crises in the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the Compromise of 1850 and was the primary cause of the American Civil War in 1861. It was a major issue during the writing of the U.S. Slavery was a divisive issue in the United States. Vermont - having declared its independence from Britain in 1777 and thus not being one of the Thirteen Colonies - banned slavery in the same year, before being admitted as a state in 1791. Pennsylvania abolished slavery in 1780, and about half of the states had abolished slavery by the end of the Revolutionary War or in the first decades of the new country, although this did not always mean that existing slaves became free. By the 18th century, slavery was legal throughout the Thirteen Colonies, after which rebel colonies started to abolish the practice. Slavery in what would become the United States was established as part of European colonization. Constitution, as implemented by the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 and the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, provided that a slave did not become free by entering a free state and must be returned to his or her owner. There were, nonetheless, some slaves in most free states up to the 1840 census, and the Fugitive Slave Clause of the U.S. Between 18, it was considered by the slave states to be politically imperative that the number of free states not exceed the number of slave states, so new states were admitted in slave–free pairs. In the United States before 1865, a slave state was a state in which slavery and the internal or domestic slave trade were legal, while a free state was one in which they were prohibited. The 13th Amendment, effective December 6, 1865, abolished slavery in the U.S. states and territories, 1789–1861 (see separate yearly maps below). It may also refer to the kingdoms of the Slave Coast in Africa.Īn animation showing the free/slave status of U.S.
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